Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Tazegzawt and EL Ham sheep populations in Algeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v7i1.285Keywords:
Algeria, Characterization, Morphometric, Microsatellite, Sheep population, Tazegzawt and EL HamAbstract
Several sheep breeds and populations are recognized in Algeria. They reveal high phenotypic and genotypic diversity underpinning specific features and adaptations levels. In spite of their distant geographic repartitions, some populations seem to be genetically close and share an ancestral origin. In this regard, the present study aims to compare, at the morphological and genetics levels, two Algerian sheep populations known by their small size: Tazegzawt and EL Ham bred in eastern and western of Algeria, respectively. A total of 74 sheep including 25 and 49 belonging to Tazegzawt and EL Ham populations, respectively, were analysed for twelve body measurements and eleven qualitative morphological traits. The comparison between the two populations (N=25 for Tazegzawt, N= 5 for El Ham) on at the molecular level was carried out using 15 microsatellites. The analyses showed that differences in body measurements between the studied populations were significant, and Tazegzawt was highest and longest and most body traits showed higher average values in this population. Besides, descriptive analysis of the qualitative characters in the two sheep populations also showed several differences. The molecular study revealed a high genetic diversity. The genetic distance between the two breeds is 0.479. The FST value obtained from all of them shows that 4.2% of the total genetic variation resulted from the differences between populations while 95.8% of the genetic variation is caused by the difference within individuals. Phylogenetic relationships among the individual and membership probabilities on microsatellite genotype data displayed a high genetic admixture between the two populations. Moreover, Discriminant analysis of principal components scatter plots showed that the two populations were superposed. This result could be explained by the same ancestral origin of Tazegzawt and El Ham; it also exhibits the effect of climate and the geographic location on the morphological characteristics of the animals. Generally speaking. The phenotypic characterization shows that these populations differ from each other but the molecular analysis shows the opposite.We therefore conclude that the two populations belong to the same breed and that the morphometric differences observed are due to the adaptation and the breeding system applied in the different regions.
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