Evaluation of a Novel Natural Treatment Against Ascosphaera apis in Honeybee Colonies: A Field Study in Northwestern Algeria

Abstract

Ascosphaera apis, the causal agent of chalkbrood disease, represents a significant threat to honeybee colonies worldwide, resulting in substantial losses in colony productivity and strength. This field study evaluated the efficacy of a novel natural remedy against A. apis in honeybee colonies in northwestern Algeria. Over a three-month period, twenty colonies (10 treated, 10 control) were subjected to treatment comprising wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), propolis, garlic extract, and other natural ingredients, administered by direct spraying at a dosage of 1492.34 ml per hive across 10 frames. Laboratory assessment revealed fungal growth suppression ranging from 24.8% at 2% concentration to 54% at 10% concentration. Treated colonies demonstrated significant improvements in bee population, honey output, and overall hive activity, whilst control colonies continued to decline. Fungal growth was quantified on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at 28°C using both macroscopic and microscopic examination. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between treatment and control groups (P < 0.05, 95% confidence level). These preliminary findings suggest that this natural remedy may represent a promising alternative to conventional chemical fungicides for chalkbrood disease management, warranting further validation in larger, randomised field trials before broader recommendation.