Phytochemical characterization and biological activities of bud macerates from Ficus carica, Olea europaea and Prunus avium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v6i01.05Keywords:
Gemmotherapy, Buds, Polyphenols, Tannins, Antioxidant activity, Antihemolytic activityAbstract
Gemmotherapy, a branch of phytotherapy using plant embryonic tissues, is attracting growing interest due to its therapeutic potential. The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of hydroalcoholic macerates of buds from three species of Algerian flora: Ficus carica, Olea europaea, and Prunus avium. The buds were macerated in an ethanol/water mixture (50/50, v/v). Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. Biological activities were assessed in vitro using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH assay, reducing power, and anti-hemolytic activity. The results show that extraction yields were 7.84% for Olea europaea, 6.64% for Prunus avium, and 3.05% for Ficus carica. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant variations in phenolic compound content depending on the type of bud, with olive bud extract (OBE) containing the highest polyphenol content (58.44 ± 1.29 mg GAE/g DM) and the richest amount in flavonoids (35.44 ± 0.83 mg QE/g DM), and cherry buds have the highest condensed tannin content (67.17 ± 8.03 mg CE/g DM). Cherry bud extract (CBE) also demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with a DPPH EC50 of 0.37 ± 0.01 mg/mL and a ferric reducing power EC50 of 0.85 ± 0.02 and exhibited the highest anti-haemolytic potential with an EC50 of 0.001 ± 0.00 mg/mL. These results highlight the promising biological potential of bud macerates and suggest their potential use in the pharmaceutical sector. However, further studies are needed to confirm these effects and better understand the mechanisms involved.
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