Genetic differentiation of populations of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and Xenopus sp in Southwestern Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46325/33be3816Abstract
This study determined the level of genetic diversity within and between populations of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and Xenopus spp., gene flow, and their genetic differentiation across vegetation zones in Southwestern Nigeria. DNA was extracted from 164 (100 Hoplobatrachus and 64 Xenopus spp) specimens from both species sampled from three locations each within the four vegetation zones (Guinea savanna, Derived savanna, Rain forest and Mangrove forest) in Southwestern Nigeria. The CO1 gene fragments were amplified with the universal CO1 primers. The haplotype networks were analysed using a median-joining algorithm in PopART. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise genetic distances were performed using Arlequin 3.5. The Mantel test was carried out using R for 10,000 permutations. There were seven haplotypes observed in Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and nine haplotypes observed in Xenopus populations. Pairwise FST ranged from 0.0000 to 1.000 in Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, and 0.0992 to 0.9984 in Xenopus. AMOVA reveals little effect of vegetation on the differentiation of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis with a variation of 2.67% while 56.77% of the variation was due to the individuals. The Mantel test for Hoplobatrachus (r= 0.01606; p= 0.3952 > 0.05), suggested that isolation by distance did not limit gene flow. But there were indications that isolation by distance limited gene flow among the populations of Xenopus species (r: 0.4462; p= 0.0000). Despite the continual overexploitation of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis in the study areas, the IUCN status had remained “least concern” over the years. This may be due to their moderate genetic diversity and gene flow as revealed in this study. This cannot be said of Xenopus spp that are isolated by distance and may require a better conservation intervention for their survival.
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