Comparative study of testicular function in two races of Gallus gallus domesticus: the local and commercial race
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v7i2.379Keywords:
Farm Rooster, production cock, breeding rooster, Testicles, Germline, TestosteroneAbstract
Poultry production in Algeria is experiencing real development in order to ensure self-satisfaction with table eggs and white meat. As a result, poultry farming has moved from a traditional production system to an intensive production system. The present study aims primarily to compare the testicular activity in two races of Gallus gallus domesticus, namely the local race (with a traditional diet) and the commercial race (with an improved intensive diet). In order to carry out this work, twenty-four adult male chickens (cocks or roosters) were divided into three batches, with eight chickens in each batch. The first batch contains chicken intended for broiler production, the second batch includes male chicken for reproduction, and the third one comprises local farm male chickens. Once the animals are bled, the blood is collected in heparinized tubes in order to measure testosterone levels. The reproductive organs, which are composed of the testicles, epididymides, and vas deferens, are then removed, weighed, and fixed in 10% formalin, for a topographic histological study. The results obtained showed that the weight of the testicle, epididymis, and vas deferens of farm and reproductive male chickens is higher than that of the meat rooster. In addition, it turned out that the structural aspect of the testicle was different from one batch to the other. Indeed, in farm and reproductive male chickens, the seminiferous tubules of the testicles are quite voluminous, and the spermatozoa are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, with the presence of all the cell types of the germline in the seminiferous epithelium. It should also be added that, in male chickens grown for meat production, the seminiferous tubules are of reduced size, with a central lumen devoid of spermatozoa. In addition, the testosterone in farm and reproductive male chickens is higher than that of male chickens grown for meat production. It should be noted that rapid growth, induced by intensive feeding, should lead to obesity in selected individuals. Moreover, the reduction of the photoperiod is often accompanied by an alteration in reproductive capacities.
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