Studying mutations of SARS-Cov-2 different variants (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Omicron)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v7i1.314Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, genes, mutations, variants, phylogeneticAbstract
Being pushed by natural selection, random genetic drift, gene editions, and receptor immunity response, viruses develop constantly through mutations affecting different genes and leading to genetic diversity and producing new variants. In order to know well how a mutation could have an impact on the possibility of being infected, on transmission, and on aggressivity of SARS-CoV-2 it would be important to study these mutations. To be able to carry out a comparative study between variants and undergone mutations over many countries in the world, we’ve dealt with many genomic sequences that have been rapidly accumulated in the GenBank since January 2020, and published by many laboratories over the world. These sequences allowed us to establish phylogenetical trees using a strong bioinformatic tool, just enhanced to study Covid which is MEGA version 11. Distribution of shifted sequences of different variants over the world within phylogenetical trees shows that the overwhelming majority of detected mutations are accumulated in the 5 known variants Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), Gamma (P.1) et Omicron (B.1.1.529), especially within their most variable genes, structural genes of which are N (Nucleocapsid protein) and S (Spike glycoprotein) added to functional ones ORF (Open Reading Frame : ORF1ab, ORF3a) ; hence, variants holding these mutations are the most dominant and the most infectious this time in the world.
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