Variation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in forest and agricultural land use in Chure landscape, Nepal

Authors

  • Pramod GHIMIRE Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Forestry, Hetauda, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46325/afj.v6i2.139

Keywords:

land use, soil depth, soil nitrogen, soil organic carbon

Abstract

The importance of Soil inorganic carbon and nitrogen storage is globally recognized. In this context, a study was conducted to analyze the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (N) stocks in forest and agricultural land in Chure region of Makawanpur district in Bagmati province, Nepal. Incremental soil depths method was applied to collect bulk soil samples and soil samples were taken from soil profile up to 60 cm depth at the interval of 20 cm. The study found higher soil organic carbon content (1.34±0.20%) and soil N content (0.20±0.06%) in forest land than in agricultural land use (0.70±0.11% and 0.07 ±0.03%) respectively. Accordingly, both SOC stock (81.54±15.17 tha-1) and N stock (12.38±3.56 t ha-1) were found higher in forest land than agricultural land (64.73±10.90 tha-1 and 8.28 ±2.90 t ha-1). These findings show that forest soils have good potential to soil carbon sequestration. Sustainable land use management can improve both SOC and N stocks that is important for ecological sustainability and climate change mitigation.

References

Adhikari, K., Hartemink, A.E.,2016. Linking soils to ecosystem services: a global review. Geoderma 262: 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.009

Bajracharya, R.M., Lal, R., Kimble, J.M.,1998. Long-term tillage effect on soil organic carbon distribution in aggregates and primary particle fractions of two Ohio soils. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., Follet, R.F., and Stewart, B.A. (eds.) Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 68-353.

Bajracharya, R.M., Sitaula, B.K., Shrestha, B.M., Awasthi, K.D., Balla, M.K., Singh, B.R.,2004. Soil organic carbon status and dynamics in the central Nepal Middle Mountains. Journal of Institute of Forestry 12: 28-44.

Batjes, N.,2002. Carbon and nitrogen stocks in the soils of Central and Eastern Europe. Soil Use and Management 18(4):324–329. https://doi.org/10.1079/SUM2002138

Bhandari, S., Bam, S.,2013. Comparative Study of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) under Forest, Cultivated and Barren land: A Case of Chovar Village, Kathmandu. Nepal. Journal of Science and Technology 14(2): 103-108.

Brady, N.C., and Weil, R.R., 2017. The nature and properties of soil. 15th ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, U.S.A.

Bremner, J.M., and Mulvaney C.S.,1982. Nitrogen total. In: Page, A.L. (ed) Methods of soil analysis Part 2, 2nd ed. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, ASA. Madison. WI. Pp 595-624.

Burton, S., Shah P.B., Schreier, H.,1989. Soil degradation from converting forest land into agriculture in the Chitawan district of Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 9: 393–404.

Chhabra, A., Palria, S., Dadhwal, V.K., 2003. Soil organic carbon pool in Indian forests. Forest Ecology and Management 173:187–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00016-6

Chaudhari, P.R., Ahire, D.V., Ahire, V.D., Chkravarty, M., Maity, S., 2013. Soil Bulk Density as related to Soil Texture , Organic Matter Content and available total Nutrients of Coimbatore Soil. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3(2): 1–8.

FAO., 2017. Soil Organic Carbon: the hidden potential. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Fu, B.J., Liu, S.L., Chen, L.D., Lu, Y.H., Qiu, J., 2004. Soil quality regime in relation to land cover and slope position across a highly modified slope landscape. Ecological Research, 19: 111-118.

Fusaro, C., Sarria-Guzmán, Y., Chávez-Romero, YA., Luna-Guido, M., Muñoz-Arenas, LC., Dendooven, L., Estrada-Torres, A., Navarro-Noya, Y.E., 2019. Land use is the main driver of soil organic carbon spatial distribution in a high mountain ecosystem. PeerJ, 7, e7897. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7897

Gao, W., Huang, S., Huang, Y., Yue, X., Ye, G., 2019. Effects of tree species on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in a coastal sand dune of southern subtropical China. Vegetos 32(2):142–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-019-00017-4

Guo, L.B., Gifford, R.M., 2002. Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biology 8(4):345–360. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x

Genxu, W., Ju Q., Guodong, C., Yuanmin, L.,2002. Soil organic carbon pool of grassland soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its global implication. The Science of the Total Environment 291: 207-217.

Ghimire, P., Bhatta, B., Pokhrel, B., Sharma, B., Shrestha, I.,2018. Soil quality assessment of different land uses in the Chure region of Central Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 1 (1): 32-42.

Ghimire, P., Bhatta, B., Pokhrel, B., Kafle, G., Paudel, P.,2019. Soil organic carbon stocks under different land uses in Chure region of Makawanpur district, Nepal. SAARC, Journal of Agriculture 16(2): 13–23.

Gross, C.D., James, J.N., Turnblom, E.C., Harrison, R.B.,2018. Thinning treatments reduce deep soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in a coastal Pacific. Northwest forest. Forests 9(5):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9050238

Gulvik, M.E., 2007. Mites as indicator of soil biodiversity and land use monitoring. Polish journal of Ecology 55:414-440.

Homann, P.S., Kapchinske, J.S., Boyce, A.,2007. Relations of mineral-soil C and N to climate and texture: regional differences within the conterminous USA. Biogeochemistry 85(3):303–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9139-6

Hoogmoed, M., Cunningham, S.C., Baker, P.J., Beringer, J., Cavagnaro, T.R.,2014. Is there more soil carbon under nitrogen-fixing trees than under non-nitrogen-fixing trees in mixed-species restoration plantings? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 188:80–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.013

Houghton, R.A.,2003. Why are estimates of the terrestrial carbon balance so different? Global Change Biology 9(4):500–509. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00620.x

IPCC.,2000. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

IPCC., 2006. Intergovernmental Pannel on Climate Change. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 4. Agriculture, Forestry and other land use, In: Eggless tons. Buendia, L., Miwa, K. Nagara, T., Tabnabe, K. (Eds) Hayanma, Japan; Institute of for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES).

Islam, K.R,, Weil, R.R.,2000. Land use effect on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 79: 9–16.

Jobbagy, E.G., Jackson, R.B., 2000. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecological Applications 10(2):423–436.

Kafle, G.,2019.Vertical Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in a Tropical Community Forest of Nepal. International Journal of Forestry Research, 3087570, 6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3087570

Kalu, S., Koirala, M., Khadka U.R., KC, A., 2015. Soil Quality Assessment for Different Land Use in the Panchase Area of Western Nepal. International Journal of Environmental Protection 5(1): 38-43.

Kotowska, M.M., Leuschner, C., Triadiati, T., Meriem, S., Hertel, D.,2015. Quantifying above-and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest conversion in tropical lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia). Global Change Biology, 21(10): 3620-3634.

Lal, R.,2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304(5677):1623–1627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097396

Lal, R.,2005. Forest soils and carbon sequestration. Forest Ecology and Management 220(1–3):242–258.

Lal, S.H., Bajracharya, RM.,Sitaula, B.K., 2012. Forest and Soil Carbon Stocks, Pools and Dynamics and Potential Climate Change Mitigation in Nepal. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B1: 800–811.

Li, D., Niu, S., Luo, Y., 2012. Global patterns of the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks following afforestation: A meta-analysis. New Phytologist 195:172–181.

Lichter J.M., Costello L.R.,1994. An evaluation of volume excavation and core sampling techniques for measuring soil bulk density. Journal of Arboriculture 20 (3): 160-164.

Liefeld, J., Bassin, S., Fuhrer, J., 2005. Carbon stock in Swiss agriculture soils predicted by land use soil characteristics and altitude. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 105: 225-266.

Liu, Y., Li, P., Wang, G., Liu, G., Li, Z.,2016. Above and below ground biomass distribution and morphological characteristics respond to nitrogen addition in Pinus tabuliformis. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 46(1):25.

Manpoong, C., Tripathi, SK., 2019. Soil properties under different land use system of Mizoram, North East India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11(1): 121 – 125.

MoFAGA.,2018. Local level data. Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (MoFAGA). Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

Morisada, K., Ono, K., Kanomata, H., 2004. Organic carbon stock in forest soils in Japan. Geoderma 119:21-32.

Ngaba, M.J.Y., Hu, Y-L., Bol, R., Ma, X-Q., Jin, S-F., Mgelwa, A.S., 2019. Effects of land use change from natural forest to plantation on C, N and natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a climate gradient in eastern China. Scientific Reports 9(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52959-z

Ngaba, M.J.Y., Ma, X-Q., Hu, Y-L., 2020. Variability of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks after conversion of natural forest to plantations in Eastern China. PeerJ 8:e8377 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8377

Post, W.M., Kwon, W.M., 2000. Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: processes and potential. Global Change Biology. 6: 317–327.

Poudel, G.S., Thapa, G.B., 2001. Changing farmer’s land management practices in the hills of Nepal. Environmental Management. 28:789–803.

Powlson, D.S., Whitmore, A.P., Goulding, K.W.T., 2011. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: a critical re-examination to identify the true and the false. European Journal of Soil Science 62(1):42–55 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01342.x

Reich, P.B., Hobbie, S.E., Lee, T., Ellsworth, D .S., West, J.B., Tilman , D., Knops, J.M.H., Naeem S.,TrostJ.,2006. Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO. Nature 440(7086):922–925.

Santra, P., Chopra, U.K.,Chakraborty, D.,2008. Spatial variability of soil properties and its application in predicting surface map of hydraulic parameters in an agricultural farm. In Current science (pp. 937-945). Bengaluru, India: Current Science Association.

Sedjo, R., Sohngen, B.,2012. "Carbon Sequestration in Forests and Soils". Annual Review of Resource Economics. 4:127-144. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-083110-115941

Shrestha, B.M., Sitaula, B.K., Singh BR.,BajracharyaRM., 2004. Soil organic carbon stocks in soil aggregates under different land use systems in Nepal. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 70: 201–213.

Shrestha, H.L., Bajracharya, R.M., Sitaula, B.K.,2012. Forest and Soil Carbon Stocks, Pools and Dynamics and Potential Climate Change Mitigation in Nepal. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B1: 800–811.

Signor, D., Deon, M.D.I., Camargo, P.B.D.,Cerri, C.E.P.,2018. Quantity and quality of soil organic matter as a sustainability index under different land uses in Eastern Amazon. Scientia Agricola 75(3):225–232 https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0089

Solberg, S., Andreassen, K., Clarke, N., Torseth, K., Tveito, O.E., Strand, G.H., Tomter, S.,2004. The possible influence of nitrogen and acid deposition on forest growth in Norway. Forest Ecology and Management 192(2–3):241–249.

Spurgeon, D.J., Keith, A.M., Schmidt, O., Lammertsma, D.R., Faber, J.H., 2013. Land-use and land-management change: Relationships with earthworm and fungi communities and soil structural properties. BMC Ecology 13, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-46

Sundermeier, A., Reeder, R., Lal, R., 2005. Soil carbon sequestration fundamentals. Rep. No. OSU Factsheet AEX-510–05. OSUE, Columbus, OH.

Twongyirwe, R., Sheil, D., Majaliwa, J.G.M., Ebanyat, P., Tenywa, M.M., Heist, MV., Kumar, L.,2013.Variability of Soil Organic Carbon stocks under different land uses: A study in an afro-montane landscape in southwestern Uganda. Geoderma193–194: 282-289.

Wairiu, M., Lal , R.,2003. Soil organic carbon in relation to cultivation and top soil removal on sloping lands of Kolombangara, Solomon Island. Soil and tillage research 70: 19-27.

Walkley, A., and Black, IA.,1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sciences. 37: 29-37.

Wang, H., Liu, S., Wang, J., Shi, Z., Lu, L., Zeng, J., Ming, A., Tang, J., Yu, H.,2013. Effects of tree species mixture on soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in subtropical plantations in China. Forest Ecology and Management 300:4–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.005

Wang, T., Kang, F., Cheng, X., Han, H., Ji W.,2016. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a hilly ecological restoration area of North China. Soil and Tillage Research 163:176–184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.05.015

Wilson, B.R., Growns, I., Lemon, J., 2008. Land-use effects on soil properties on the north-western slopes of New South Wales: implications for soil condition assessment. Australian Journal of Soil Research 46(4):359–367. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR07231

Downloads

Published

2022-12-23

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Variation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in forest and agricultural land use in Chure landscape, Nepal. (2022). Agriculture and Forestry Journal, 6(2), 94-101. https://doi.org/10.46325/afj.v6i2.139