Assessment of the iodine content of salt consumed in the town of Bechar
Mots-clés :
Iodine content- salt iodization-household survey- public health- nutritional standardRésumé
Introduction: Evaluating the iodine content in household salt is crucial for public health, particularly in regions
where legislation mandates iodization. In Bechar, Algeria, thirty years after the government established regulations for salt iodization at 30-50 ppm, it is essential to assess compliance and effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the iodine content in salt consumed by households in Bechar and its alignment with national standards.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 509 households in Bechar. Schoolchildren were randomly selected from a comprehensive list and asked to provide a 50g sample of salt consumed by their families. The iodine content of these samples was then measured and analyzed against national recommendations.
Results: The median iodine content in the salt samples was 17.50 mg/kg, below the recommended 30-50 ppm. Over 80% of households used either inadequately or excessively iodized salt. Specifically, 73.67% of the samples had iodine levels below 30 ppm, while 7.07% exceeded 50 ppm. Only 19.25% of the samples met the recommended standards. The most commonly consumed salt brands in this study are private label brands. The majority of the samples analyzed show iodine levels below 30 ppm, which is below the recommended level.
Conclusion: This study reveals a significant shortfall in the adequate iodization of household salt in Bechar compared to Algerian standards. Identifying and addressing the causes of this deficiency is critical to ensuring consumer protection and improving public health outcomes.
Références
- Adou, P., Aka, D., Aké, M., Koffi, M., Tébi, A. et al. (2002). Evaluation de la teneur en iode du sel alimentaire à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) [Assessment of iodine content of dietary salt in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. Sante (Montrouge, France), 12(1), 18–21.
- Assey, V. D., Peterson, S., Kimboka, S., Ngemera, D., Mgoba, C. et al. (2009). Tanzania national survey on iodine deficiency: impact after twelve years of salt iodation. BMC public health, 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-319.
- Assey, V. D., Tylleskär, T., Momburi, P. B., Maganga, M., Mlingi, N. V. et al. (2009). Improved salt iodation methods for small-scale salt producers in low-resource settings in Tanzania. BMC Public Health, 9, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-187.
- Assoumanou, M. G., Zohoncon, T. M., & Akpona, S. A. (2011). Evaluation de la teneur en iode des sels de cuisine dans les ménages de deux zones d’endémie goitreuse du Bénin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(4), 1515-1526. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/ijbcs.v5i4.17.
- Benmiloud, M. (1993). Pathologie thyroïdienne et carence en iode. J Alg Méd.
- Delange F. (1994). The disorders induced by iodine deficiency. Thyroid: official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 4(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.1994.4.107.
Diop, T., Ndiolene, A., Traore, A., Ndiaye, M., Sidibe, M. et al. (2024). Évaluation de la qualité des sels alimentaires consommés au Sénégal. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 18(2). https:/ doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v18i2.27.
- Djonga, O., Mahamat, M. A., Bessane, C., Danama, K. A., & Boy, O. B. (2012). Comportements alimentaires et carence en iode. Mali Medical, 27(4), 1.
- Guerras, I. (2019). Contrôle de la teneur en iode du sel alimentaire commercialisé sur le marché Algérien. Mémoire de master en science alimentaire. Option : Nutrition et science des aliments, 57p. [28] Charlier V. Alimentation pauvre en sel (hyposodée), dans le cadre d’une insuffisance cardiaque. Clinique Universitaires Saint-Luc, 2(764.60), 49.
- Hazourli, A., Gherraf, N., Tahri, A., & Rouabah, W. (2021). Assessment of iodine concentrations of cooking salt commercialized in some municipalities in eastern Algeria. Nutrition & Santé, 10(2), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.30952/ns.10.2.1. - Hetzel, B. S., & Maberly, G. F. (1986). Iodine. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. Academic Press Inc, London, 5, 139-208.
- JORA. (1990). Décret exécutif n° 90-40 du 3 Rajab 1430 correspondant au 30 janvier 1990 rendant obligatoire la vente du sel iodé pour la prévention de la carence en iode (JO N°05 du 31 Janvier 1990, P180).
- JORA. (2019). Arrêté interministériel du 28 Moharram 1440 correspondant au 8 octobre 2018 portant règlement technique relatif aux spécifications du sel de qualité alimentaire. (JO N°01du 6 janvier 2019, P24). - Li, M., & Eastman, C. J. (2012). The changing epidemiology of iodine deficiency. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(7), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2012.43.
- Mizéhoun-Adissoda, C., Yémoa, A., Sossa Jerome, C., Biobou, A., Alouki, K. et al. (2018). Teneur en iode et qualité microbiologique des sels alimentaires commercialisés au Bénin. Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, 32(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2018.01.001.
- MSP & INSP. (2001). Enquête nationale sur les objectifs de la fin décennie, Santé mère et enfant. Algérie, 2000, MICS2. (EDG 2000). Ministère de la Santé et de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Fond des Nations Unies pour l’Enfance et Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Alger.122.
- MSP & UNICEF. (1996). Enquête nationale sur les objectifs de la mi-décennie - Santé de la mère et de l'enfant (MDG Algérie, 1995). Ministère de la Santé et de la Population, Fond des Nations Unies pour l’Enfance et Fond des Nations Unies pour la population. Alger. 227. - Pearce, E. N., Andersson, M., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2013). Global iodine nutrition: where do we stand in 2013? Thyroid, 23(5), 523-528. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2013.0128.
- Rih A. (2019). Contrôle De L’iodation Du Sel Alimentaire Et Évaluation De L’apport Iodé Chez Des Enfants Scolarisés (5-12ans) Dans La Région De Sidi Bel Abbes (ouest Algérien). Doctoral thesis in Biology, University Djillali Liabes of Sidi Bel Abbes.
- Rih, A., Dif, M. M., & Bouazza, S. (2016). Control of iodization salt consumed in the region of Sidi Bel Abbes (West of Algeria). Advances in Environmental Biology, 10(7), 29-35.
- Shawel, D., Hagos, S., Lachat, C. K., Kimanya, M. E., & Kolsteren, P. (2010). Post-production losses in iodine concentration of salt hamper the control of iodine deficiency disorders: a case study in northern Ethiopia. Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 28(3), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v28i3.5550.
- Tulchinsky T. H. (2017). Correction to: micronutrient deficiency conditions: Global Health issues. Public health reviews, 38, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-017-0071-6.
- UNICEF. (2016). The State of the World's Children 2016, UNICEF, NY.
- UNICEF. (2017). The State of the world’s children 2017.
- UNICEF., UNICEF Nutrition Section, UNICEF Programme Division, & UNICEF Division of Communication. (2008). Sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency: Progress since the 1990 World Summit for Children. Unicef.
- World Health Organization. (2022). Universal salt iodization and sodium intake reduction: compatible, cost-effective strategies of great public health benefit. In Universal salt iodization and sodium intake reduction: compatible, cost-effective strategies of great public health benefit.
- World Health Organization. (2022). Universal salt iodization and sodium intake reduction: compatible, cost–effective strategies of great public health benefit.
- World Health Organization. (2007). Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. World Health Organization.
- World Health Organization. (2008). Elimination of Iodine Deficiency disorders: a manual for health workers.
- Zergui, A., Boudalia, S., Joseph, M. L., & Venturi, S. (2023). Monitoring of iodine supplementation in table salts by ICP-MS and possible health risks of iodine deficiency in Algeria. Food Chemistry Advances, 2, 100230.
