Periodontal Indices : Clinical Assessment, Applications, and Recent Developments
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Abstract
The evaluation of periodontal health is essential for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of periodontal diseases. Over the years, numerous clinical indices have been developed to quantitatively measure various aspects of periodontal health, such as gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, and attachment loss. These indices, ranging from traditional methods like the Loe and Silness Gingival Index (1963) to more recent developments incorporating digital tools, play a crucial role both in clinical practice and in epidemiological studies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the most commonly used periodontal indices, their methodologies, clinical applications, and recent advancements. Particular emphasis is placed on the evolution of these indices in response to the growing demand for precision and reproducibility in periodontal assessment.
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